MindGuard

Critical Thinking Guide

Upgrade your thinking

Don't let your brain
fool you

In this age of information overload, recognizing logical traps and cognitive biases is an essential skill. MindGuard helps you spot thinking flaws and make smarter decisions.

Ad Hominem
Fallacy

Ad Hominem

Instead of addressing the opponent's argument, attempting to undermine their credibility by attacking their character, background, or motives.

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Straw Man
Fallacy

Straw Man

Distorting, exaggerating, or misrepresenting someone's argument to make it seem absurd, then attacking this distorted "straw man."

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Slippery Slope
Fallacy

Slippery Slope

Claiming that if A happens, it will inevitably lead to a series of extreme consequences ending in catastrophic B, without providing logical necessity for each step.

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False Dilemma
Fallacy

False Dilemma

Reducing a complex issue to only two extreme options, ignoring other possibilities in between.

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Appeal to Authority
Fallacy

Appeal to Authority

Believing something must be true simply because an authority figure (or celebrity) endorses it, even if that authority is not an expert in the relevant field.

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Confirmation Bias
Bias

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's existing beliefs, while ignoring contradictory evidence.

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Dunning-Kruger Effect
Bias

Dunning-Kruger Effect

People who lack competence in a given area tend to develop a false sense of superiority, mistakenly believing they are more capable than others.

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Sunk Cost Fallacy
Bias

Sunk Cost Fallacy

Continuing to invest time, money, or effort in something even when it's clearly not worthwhile, simply because of what has already been invested.

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Availability Heuristic
Bias

Availability Heuristic

The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind.

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Halo Effect
Bias

Halo Effect

Having a favorable impression of one trait of a person (such as appearance) and inferring that they are equally excellent in other aspects (such as personality or ability).

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Anchoring Bias
Bias

Anchoring Bias

Over-relying on the first piece of information encountered (the "anchor") when making decisions.

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Survivorship Bias
Bias

Survivorship Bias

Focusing excessively on the people or things that "survived," while ignoring those that didn't, leading to false conclusions.

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